Welcome to this compilation of research articles that spans a diverse range of topics within the realm of language education and linguistic analysis. Each contribution offers unique insights, methodologies, and findings, creating a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted landscape of language studies.

The first article delves into the innovative EGRA technique, showcasing its effectiveness in addressing the challenges of English grammar learning for eighth-grade students. The subsequent research investigates hate speech in the context of social issues, providing a pragmatic analysis of its impoliteness, conceptual meanings, and types. Digital technology takes center stage in the third article, which explores the integration of vlog media to enhance speaking skills in language education. This study reflects the evolving nature of education, where digital tools become dynamic facilitators of engaging and effective learning experiences. The challenges associated with digital textbooks in reading comprehension take the spotlight in the fourth article, shedding light on issues such as focus, distractions, and information literacy. This research contributes valuable insights into the evolving landscape of digital learning materials.

One of the Klausa’s articles delves into the realm of Mandarin idiomatic expressions with numerical elements, unraveling their meanings and functions in Chinese society. This qualitative study offers a cultural and linguistic exploration of chéngyǔ. Digital platforms continue to influence education in the sixth article, which investigates the impact of YouTube vlogging on students' speaking proficiency. This research showcases the potential of digital media in language education and skill development. Klausa also presents a cognitive stylistic analysis of a song's lyrics, offering insights into how cognitive processes and stylistic choices intertwine to construct emotional narratives within music.

We extend our appreciation to all the contributors for their valuable insights, collectively enriching our understanding of language education and linguistic analysis. May these articles serve as catalysts for further research and innovation within the dynamic field of language studies.

Klausa Journal in Volume 7 no 1 of 2023 has the theme of resilience. Resilience in educators and academics refers to their capacity to successfully manage and adapt to the numerous stresses and obstacles they encounter in their professional lives. This can involve dealing with diverse students in the classroom, engaging parents or students, or adjusting to changes in educational policy. Resilient teachers are better able to manage these pressures without being overwhelmed, which increases their likelihood of performing their jobs effectively and having a beneficial influence on their students. Resilience is crucial for a number of reasons. First and foremost, it enables educators to successfully manage the pressures and responsibilities of their jobs, which can improve work satisfaction and lower turnover rates. More consistency in the classroom as a result can be advantageous for both teachers and students. Both resilient instructors and less resilient teachers are better equipped to deal with difficulties and obstacles and are less likely to burn out. This may result in more efficient instruction and improved student outcomes. Finally, resilient educators can act as role models for their pupils, imparting to them important life lessons like managing stress and persisting in trying circumstances. We have had challenging times during the pandemic, and we are now entering a new era where we may be even more active in making many advancements.

Klausa Journal closes the year 2022 by providing readers with quality reading. Being creative human beings is a special topic in this volume since we believe that creativity can drives new ideas or ways to produce a change for the better. It activates the imagination to be creative. New ideas are made possible by creativity. It releases ingrained mental patterns or routines. It makes non-linear understanding conceivable.

Creativity for educators challenges them to produce innovative teaching approaches or methods to encourage student learning progress in mastering foreign languages. In addition, creativity is also related to literary issues to explore scholarly works from different perspectives so that readers gain new insights into the experience of reading written works of art. It unlocks the doors to our thoughts and hearts. It reveals to each of us our authentic identities.

It enables individuality and personality to be recognized. It can aid in bringing out what is already present; inner qualities and capacities may show themselves. Creativity liberates the mind in a way that makes it possible for someone to learn more effectively. It improves the effectiveness of learning processing. Hopefully, the publication of Klausa in volume 6 no 2 will inspire us to create creativity in this life.

Jurnal Klausa Vol. 6 No. 1, 2022 presents the latest and quality research on multilingualism in social media, creative writing in a literary community, syntactic typology of the Sabu language, Indonesian material development for foreigners, and performance analysis of lion dance.

Researching the multilingualism of K-Pop fans on Twitter, Azzahrah et al. found that fans practice code-switching and code-mixing. To project a more globalized impression, create a friendly conversation, synchronize perceptions, boost language skills, and form an identity are some of the reasons that explain why fans use code-switching and code-mixing. Uniquely, the fans mix several languages, ​​such as English, Korean, Japanese, and even regional languages ​​(e.g., Sundanese) into their Indonesian utterances.

Saputra et al. examine how the literary community members have experienced a reasonably complex learning process, starting from preparing a pentigraf to improving the draft according to input from peers' comments. Saputra et al. believe that pentigraf writing skills are becoming more and more essential when people nowadays have turned to digital media to consume news or literary reading materials. To have these skills, literary community members need an iterative learning and guidance process.

Kale et al. examine the syntactic typology of the language of the Sabu tribe. Using lexical-functional grammar (LFG) and typological theory, Kale found that Sabu has SUBJ and SVO structures. Kale concluded that intransitive, verbal, and intransitive clauses function as SUBJ, OBJ1, OBJɵ, or OBJ2. Based on the marking system or grammatical system, Kale concluded that SL is classified as a mixed or zero language where the language treats A the same as S and the same as P.

Nirmalasari researched the importance of preparing Indonesian language teaching materials for foreign speakers. Teaching materials are a vital component of supporting learning, including BIPA learning. Nirmalasari has written teaching materials development BIPA materials using the 4D development approach. The data in this method are both qualitative and quantitative data. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the teaching materials for BIPA listening using KoPi or Kode Pintar are feasible to apply in BIPA learning classes.

Olivia and Zhu Shuiqing researched the lion dance as part of folk art. They mention that this dance art has a long history and is transforming into a unique traditional Chinese culture. This culture has already been widespread in China. The lion dance, known as barongsai, has been brought to Indonesia by people of Chinese descent. They still practice the lion dance culture up to now. Olivia and Zhu Shuiqing mention that lion `dance in Indonesia has undergone transformation due to several aspects, including religion, the lineage of members, ceremonies, training methods, and functions.

Happy new year, 2022. May this year give us many hopes and achievements. The current issue of KLAUSA Vol 5 No 2 has published some quality writings!

In the first part, we will read a paper from Fathmawati, who wrote about the solidarity value in the S.U.U.A.L. Vespa community. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (C.D.A.), Fathmawati found various forms such as cooperation, fairness, altruism, trustworthiness, and considerateness. Members of this community reportedly share their benefits to others and how they release their ego to help others. The solidaristic action and behavior are about how they continue the tradition of their predecessors, remembering that the Vespa community itself was established decades ago with the solidarity ideology as their fundamental shared belief in their hands. The experiences are proof of how well they preserve the value as well as respect their seniors.

Saifuddin and Nurhayani highlight the parental guidance issues in their paper. They found that the levels of parental involvement in hoisting their children's performance in their vocabulary achievement in Malang city, Indonesia. They emphasized the imperative role of parents in elevating their children's performance in their English program. The students who received more support from parents performed better than the students with a lack of support from parents. Moreover, the findings of this current study confirmed the crucial role of parental involvement in a slightly different area of language learning. Parents play a critical part in students' vocabulary achievement, which is justified by the findings of this current research that students with sufficient parental involvement tend to achieve better outcomes than students with less parental involvement.

Saputra wrote on the potential of tourism in Sarangan Lake, Magetan Regency, East Java. By using the folklore of Telaga Sarangan as a data source, he highlighted the importance of promoting tourism potential as well as promoting the literature accompanying the location of the tourist attraction. Many tourism vehicles in Indonesia can be optimized through literature, one of which is Telaga Sarangan, located in Magetan Regency, East Java. Researching tourism literature means combining the internal potential of literary works and the external potential. Are reminded that there is still a lot of tourism potential that can be developed in Sarangan Lake.

Rosadi, Isnendes, and Fasya examined the cultural meaning in the lexicon of Sundanese Priangan bridal jewelry. Using an ethnolinguistic design, they say that Sundanese wedding jewelry is rich in cultural significance and is believed to be a prayer and hope of the Sundanese ancestors and people. Sundanese bridal jewelry includes bun, mangle, siger, rocking flower, tanjong flower, earrings, brooch, benten, Garuda mungkur, wajit turih, panetep, Mayangsari flower, ronce. Culturally, this tradition can be seen from one of the spiritual aspects: the hopes and prayers of the ancestors and the Sundanese people. The cultural meaning of each lexicon of Sunda Priangan bride's jewelry is about life that must peak and take care of each other to avoid calamities in married life. In addition, the cultural meaning in the jewelry of the Sunda Priangan bride also depicts the honor, chastity, wisdom, loyalty, and beauty that radiates from various aspects of the figure of a Sundanese woman.

In the last part, Suarniti presents her ideas on the kinds and the functions of setting in Dumas' the Count of Monte Cristo. She found four types of setting: setting of the place, setting of time, setting of social environment, and setting of atmosphere. Settings of place and time were plentiful and relatively easy to notice. In contrast, social domain and atmosphere settings could be found by observing the interactions of the different elements of the story. Next, five functions of setting were found in the Count of Monte Cristo: the background for action, setting as an antagonist, setting as a means of creating atmosphere, setting as a means of revealing character, and setting as means of reinforcing them.

KLAUSA Vol 5 no 1 (2020) features several authors who present up-to-date studies in linguistics, literature and foreign language teaching (English and Mandarin). Khoirun Nisak examines the use of politeness strategies and rhetorical devices used by former US president Donald Trump. This ex-president manages to get sympathy from his people, mentioning that taking immediate measures on Iran is intended to make American people feel secure. In addition, he also persuades other nations to make Iranian regime stop the terror. In Trump's speech, he mentions stopping the terror and making peace and living in harmony with all nations in the whole world is to guarantee world peace.

Muhamad Deni Setiawan analyzes Sang Pemimpi, a film directed Riri Riza. He has found that this film undergoes significant changes in characterization in the sense that the main character becomes much wiser than the original version in the novel. Apart from that, this film also has a different plot than that of the novel while adding scenes outside the novel. However, in terms of the setting, the film creator has succeeded in making Belitung look awesome.

Laily Ramadhani studies Katharine Susannah Prichard’ short stories, "Marlene" and "Flight". Half-caste is the mixed-descent in Australia in the old time. Half-caste, as the only race being disrespected in Australia, has been suffering in their lives. As the mixed-descents, half-caste has a stereotype of always obey the Whites. Half-caste is insisted on staying in the dark, no matter their faith, to go outside and find something better. These tragedies will bring trauma to every half-caste, and the wound will be stuck on them forever.

Wisnu Setya Budi and Febi Ariani Saragih examine the quality of Japanese text translations into Indonesian using Bing Translator. Bing Translator as an automatic translator can translate Japanese text into Indonesian. However, the quality of this translation machine is still in doubt. The results show that this Bing engine does not provide good results for several types of economic, political and health news in terms of the level of accuracy and readability. The quality of the translation is closely related to the rigid grammatical structure, and the use of unfamiliar terms.

Vincentius Valiandy Jiuangga studies vocabulary learning strategies among students at Universitas Ma Chung. He has found that Chinese background has little relevance on students' choice of learning strategies. The influence of ethnicity on students' vocabulary strategies is not obvious. The respondents use social strategies most frequently and memory strategies least frequently. In the use of memory strategies, Indonesian students seldom use vocabulary strategies; meanwhile, Chinese students seldom use word meaning coding strategy. Third, academic performance has little effect on students' vocabulary strategies.

Nowadays, technology has enabled people around the world to communicate their ideas quickly. In addition, such an exchanging information activity becomes more plausible due to English. English mediates people from different cultural backgrounds to exchange ideas and messages. However, it is quite prevalent that communication barriers are unavoidable. For many reasons, it is because people might fail to use English in socially appropriate ways and to interpret both implicit and explicit meaning according to contexts. As a result, impressions such as abrupt or brusque in social interactions, or rude or uncaring are inevitable. Having awareness and sensitivity about how meanings are constructed through the context of language is vital. It is the role of Pragmatics that help people to able to perform effective communication such as showing understanding and strong emotional responses, giving support, indicating agreement, adding or correcting speaker information, or asking for more information, etc.

KLAUSA Vol 4 No 2 (2020) has some interesting articles on Pragmatics issues. Sinaga and Handayani have written an article entitled Flouting maxims in James Vand Erbilt’s White House Down. In their study, they found a variety of flouted maxims performed by several characters.

Furthermore, Siahaan and Mubarak have written “Word formation in Sharena Delon’s Instagram Posts”. They have mentioned that word formation processes are found in Sharena Delon’s Instagram such as derivation process, compounding process, conversion process, clipping process, blends process, backformation process, acronym process, onomatopoeia process, coinage process, and inflection process. Saragih studies types of maxims in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars.

The last article in KLAUSA Vol 4 No 2 (2020) is written by Amiroh, Fortunasari, and Ginting. They have studied content and language integrated learning in Mathematics at the primary education level in Indonesia. They have found that CLIL needs to be carried out because of the consideration of the urgency of teaching mathematics in English, appropriate methods of teaching mathematics in English, the period of appropriate CLIL application, and the effects of CLIL on students. By implementing mathematics teaching in English using the CLIL method, Indonesian students will be more familiar with the concept of understanding story problems in English, be accustomed to using high-order thinking, and have a higher interest in mathematics and English.

Following the retraction of two earlier articles due to violation of ethical guidelines, we’re introducing two other articles in Chinese. The first article is by Anggrah Dyah Airlinda, who has written qualitative research that is aimed to compare between names used by Indonesians with names used by Chinese people. Airlinda mentions that it is usually possible to immediately know the beliefs or expectations from names. Chinese male names are closely related to words such as Wei (great), Zhuang (strong), Jing (bright), etc. Meanwhile, women's have close relationships with objects such as flowers, pearls, and so on.

The last article in this issue is by Dhatu Sitaresmi, who has examined Indonesian students’ listening skills in discerning ü, üe, ün, üan, and iong in monophonic words, word pronunciation, and sentence reading. She has found that when Indonesian students listen to Chinese vowels such as vowels ü, üe, ün, iong, they can comprehend them quite well. Siatersmi mentions that reasons that explain why Indonesian students make mistakes in Chinese vowels are the students often misinterpret Chinese with similar Indonesian words instead of verbs. Moreover, such a misinterpretation is also influenced by Hanyu Pinyin spellings.

KLAUSA Vol. 4 No. 1 2020 opens with an article that understands language as a unique phenomenon. Chomsky once said that a language is a mirror of the mind. By understanding a language, we also understand the minds of the people speaking that language. While a language plays a central role because of its ability to influence the way people think and act, it also manifests itself into a cultural representation of the people using that language. In that case, a language is born from a social consensus that all members of the society agree upon in order to fulfill their needs. The language is structured yet it. In reality, language users have different ways to express their views and thoughts based on their cultures.

A collocation is an obvious evidence that describes how the unique characteristics of a language exist. Cyntia Veronika has investigated English and Indonesian collocations through the Kurzgesagt YouTube channel. Equivalent collocations describe relatively similar language patterns that both languages have shared. With this in mind, second language learners (L2) should be more likely to able to predict and express their ideas than the unequal ones. This fact reminds us of the theory of contrastive analysis (CA): the structure of the learners' L1 Affects the acquisition (the two terms acquisition/learning interchangeably) of their L2, in the sense that whenever there are similarities the L2 learning is facilitated, and when there are differences, the learning process is difficult. Veronika suggests the importance of having knowledge and continuously practicing the differences of collocations so that L2 learners become accustomed to appropriately using this collocation during the communication.

A language is also known as a representation of cultural behavior of the society. In this case, the language is a window to understand how people behave, feel and view the world. The following article is from Sandi Hamim who examines Disney's Aladdin (2019) in the context of narratology and genre. Known as the comedy film genre, Aladdin has unique characteristics because of its dramatic function

Klausa Vol. 4 No. 1 also includes some empirical studies on English language teaching: learning strategies in the classroom through cooperative learning. Puspita Nugraha Wibisono writes cooperative learning is not only about learning and sitting together; however, it also involves how the students assigned in group work are managed in such a way that they can learn a language optimally. This should include providing step by step guidance from learning to doing assignments. She mentions that the students have shown high percentage of perception on both cooperative group work strategies and representative assessment. 

Mazroatul Ishlahiyah and Mira Shartika have written the integration of Islamic values in the development of teaching materials. In her article, she mentions about the integration of Islamic values into teaching materials. The design of the materials includes warming-up activities, main activities, games, reflection, and general knowledge of Islamic values. Supporting innovative audio materials can be further developed to make the materials completed. The teachers can use some existing references or elaborate new audio by creating new conversations containing Islamic values.

This issue concludes with an article by Yohanna Nirmalasari, which scrutinizes the patterns of arguments. In this article, Nirmalasari analyzes a number of articles written by university students to find patterns. In contrast to the general misconception that men and women think differently, Nirmalasari discovers that there is no particular difference in the pattern of argument delivery with regards to gender. The difference that she discovers lies in the level of complexity of an argument, which is not related to one’s gender.

Klausa Volume 3 No 2 (2019) has listed outstanding works written by five strong writers covering different regions within the scope of this journal, namely, linguistics, literature, and language teaching. Nugroho, our first author, has examined Newton Booth Tarkington’s novel Ambersons. Nugroho highlights that the feeling of arrogancy is basically the inability of people to overcome the problem of inferiority complex. Yet, human beings are dynamic and always open to change. In Ambersons, the main character has experienced a substantial transformation in his life when he embraces forgiveness and accepts other people. In fact, this attitude alleviates all of the burdens and makes him healthier mentally. 

Utomo mentions that the problem with students' low reading ability is due to inadequate teaching methods. Collaborative strategic reading (CSR) is an excellent teaching method for teaching students' reading comprehension since it promotes students’ vocabulary improvement and collaborative learning. Moreover, this strategy enables teachers to improve students` academic reading tasks while encouraging students to be more active in the classroom instructions.

Veronika dan Sulistiyono conducted a study on English collocation types used in the subtitles of Kurzgesagt YouTube channel. They have found that the collocation type Adjective + Noun as the highest percentage. They suggest that translation work on Kurzgesagt YouTube channel needs improvement since inaccurate translation as seen from the use of unsuitable word, wrong delivering message, unnatural words, and irrelevant words is still prevalent on that channel.

Norcholifah and Oktavia investigate the delay of talking to five-year-old children related to psycholinguistic studies. They have found that there are several factors causing the delay in speaking ability such as hearing impediment, developmental obstacles in oral-motor brain mastering, heredity problems, learning problems and communication with parents, and media factors in this case television. To overcome this problem, it is important for parents to be actively involved in making the environment a place for children to learn to practice language.

Saputra states that schools rarely use the internet as a learning tool especially for journalism. In fact, internet media is the medium of most high school students who are familiar with the use of the internet in everyday life. Saputra mentions that the news writing website is effective media that help the students to improve their writing skill and critical thinking skills. In addition, the webpage can also be used as a learning resource or learning reference in writing news.

Finally, Hendarto concludes the issue with an analysis on Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches to investigate the social power relations in them. Applying the socio cognitive approach, Hendarto discovers several types of social power in the speeches.

Human identity represents both an interesting and endless topic to discuss. Human behavior has always been a mystery that is not always easy to formulate in rigid laws. KLAUSA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019) serves as a painting giving the readers insights about human identity seen from the perspectives of literature and linguistics. Imayah and Amrullah have written in their article entitled “Fenomena Gincu dalam Cerita Pendek Bertajuk ‘Gincu’” (“The Lipstick Phenomena in Short Stories with ‘Lipstick’”. They mention the use of lipstick in Indonesian society is still likely to give negative impacts on women. Imayah and Amrullah assert that fictional texts tend to be dominated by masculinity narratives while on the other hand ignoring the spirit of feminism.

Suhendra has investigated compassionate love in Me Before You. Suhendra mentions that the compassionate love is depicted through the two main characters, Louisa Clark and Will Traynor. They concern not with themselves but with others'. People with compassionate love give impact to others. Both main characters show how they shared a self-giving and caring which resulted in giving full life to other. They do what is good for others.

Sukaton discusses the Cultural keyword 'eling' in Javanese and its implication in Javanese society. According to Sukaton, 'Eling' is a culture-specific word used by Javanese people whose meanings are different from one context to another: religious contexts, everyday communication contexts, and life in general. Moreover, Talaohu has written about Phonetics System in Buginese Language. His paper aims to examine the phonetics system of this largest active language in South Sulawesi. Overall, the findings and analysis clearly show that Buginese language has 21 consonants and 6 vowels. What makes Buginese also special is that there are so many ‘no audible release’ found in plosives, and several syllabic consonants in nasals and fricative [s], as well as a few number of velarized [l]. Whilst concerning vowels, Buginese have exactly 5 vowels [a i u e o ә] in their phonetics inventory.

KLAUSA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019) concludes with the article by Muttaqin, Sahiruddin, Rodliyah discussing Madurese Language Variations among Regions and Age Groups: Looking at Syntactic and Lexical Variations.  Syntactically Madurese language has similar basic word order structure as Indonesian language: the possessive structure is determined by the last sound of the word, either vocal or consonant. Other structures, noun phrase, prepositions, adjective clause, nonverbal clause, and existential clause are much similar to that of Indonesian language. No differences were found in terms of syntactic variations among different ages and regions in Madura. In terms of lexical, some variations do occur as attributed to the socio-cultural background of each speaker. The level of politeness indicates that social level influences the choice of lexical terms used by speakers based on different ages and regions in Madura.

This Volume 2 No 2 (2018) issue of KLAUSA presents a portrait of the condition of language teaching in the 21^st century as well as a reflection for the academic community to continuously process and contribute to the society. The 21^st century is characterized by abundant information technology innovation that provides great opportunities to raise the quality of education. Educational personnel need to reform education practices in facing the digital era. In this issue, several authors have contributed to the challenges of this digital age through their writing. Ginting writes how technology can build 21^st century teachers’ capacities such as critical thinking, collaborative, creative and innovative learning, self-reliance, and individualized learning. IMOOC (Indonesian Massive Open Online Course) serves as a reliable online instruction since it is open for everyone to join, provides current information about educational issues, and provides trainings for teachers to improve their teaching skills. From across the Pacific, Leticia Araceli Salas Serrano discusses how that teacher-preparation has become an important issue in Mexico as a teacher evaluation process is being carried out all over the country as part of the recent educational reforms. In the spirit of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the incorporation of online technology in language learning, Tantri has discovered that teachers are still bewildered when it comes to managing hybrid learning. From the field of literary studis, Tayongka explores the meaning of happiness through the protagonists in animated movie Trolls (2016). Happiness denotes some meanings: happiness is something one can get without cutting throat; happiness can be achieved by being frank to people in our surrounding; happiness is something one gets by increasing tolerance; and happiness can be achieved with every effort to achieve that happiness itself. This issue of KLAUSA concludes with a review article by Antono Wahyudi. He summarizes the major points regarding the concept “to understand” (memahami) in the perspective of modern and post-modern hermeneutic interpretation. 

KLAUSA in volume 2 no 1 year 2018 presents several authors with brilliant ideas to look into. Patrisius Djiwandono presents the results of his research on authentic material and vocabulary profilers to improve students' vocabulary skills. He mentions that both authentic materials and blended learning approaches help language instructors motivate their students to practice vocabulary. However, Djiwandono reminds us that the most important of all is to give a lot of practices to students and let them get used to using new intakes regardless of approaches teachers might use. Lilis Lestari Wilujeng and Shanty Arysaputri highlight the dynamics of the translation model by John H. McGlynn when translating the literary works of Sapardi Djoko Damono's poetry from Indonesian into English. From the translated work, we can learn how skillful McGlynn is when managing his deep structures as an English native speaker to transfer the soul of the poems into concrete beautiful performance. Even though McGlynn has sometimes broken the walls of the theme, tone, and mood walls, the translation is still able to represent Damono's original soul with a concise, beautiful and elegant style and structure. In the third article, Yusri Fajar presents an analysis of the life of Murad, a character in Arafat Nur's novel entitled Surga Tanah Merah (Red Soil Paradise). On the one hand, Murad is someone who is celebrated as a hero because he is considered fighting for Aceh's independence from the occupation of the Indonesian central government. However, in the novel, Murad has also become a fugitive from the central government and the Acehnese government. Arafat Nur’s novel offers criticism for Aceh which is accompanied by hopes for the history and peace. In the last research article, entitled “Pola Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia Tulis Pembelajar Bipa Tingkat Pemula Asal Tiongkok di Universitas Ma Chung Tahun 2018,” Yohanna Nirmalasari presents the result of her observation on Chinese students taking a semester in Malang, Indonesia. As beginner learners, the Chinese students have two sentence models, namely, sentences with clauses and those of non-clauses. KLAUSA ends with a book review by Aditya Nirwana that invites readers to reflect back on Aristotle's thoughts through Poetics. In his review, Nirwana elaborates Poetics by comparing the thoughts of Plato and Aristotle about art: Praxeos (Aristotle) Mimesis and Platonic Mimesis (Platon).