BLESSING THAT FLOWS: A CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR ANALYSIS OF BLESSINGS IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN
Berkah yang Mengalir: Analisis Metafora Konseptual pada Konsep Berkah di Bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris
Keywords:
metaphor, blessing, comparative, English, Indonesian
Abstract
This study looks at how people talk about blessings, using the lens of cognitive semantics and focusing on metaphors in religious language. The main goal is to pinpoint the key conceptual metaphors behind words related to “blessing,” and to show how these metaphors shape meaning in real contexts. To do this, data from religious texts and contemporary written sources in both Indonesian and English were gathered. Then, using qualitative descriptive methods and conceptual metaphor theory, we sorted out the metaphorical expressions, identified their source and target domains, and checked how often they popped up in different themes. The findings stand out: people often describe blessings using metaphors like wealth, abundance, journey, light, and divine gift. But the most common are BLESSING IS WEALTH and BLESSING IS ABUNDANCE, which tie spiritual value tightly to ideas of material gain or measurable benefit. The patterns aren’t just decorative language; they're fundamental frameworks that guide how believers think and talk about religious concepts. In short, the research shows that metaphor isn’t just fancy phrasing in religious language—it’s central to how people make sense of spiritual ideas, revealing deep, culturally rooted ways of seeing the world.
References
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Assunção, L. M., Querino, R. A., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2020). Healing blessing in territories of the Family Health Strategy: Perceptions of workers, users and healers. *Saude em Debate, 44*(126), 762–773. [https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202012613](https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202012613)
Bakker, S., Antle, A. N., & Van Den Hoven, E. (2012). Embodied metaphors in tangible interaction design. *Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16*(4), 433–449.
Brezina, V., Weill-Tessier, P., & McEnery, A. (2021). *#LancsBox v. 6.x* [Software package].
Burggraeve, R. (2023). Blessing: Exploring the religious, anthropological and ethical meaning. *Religions, 14*(5), 599. [https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050599](https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050599)
Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. *Neurological Research & Practice, 2*(14). [https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z)
Demirel, S., & Sahib, H. B. (2015). Concept of barakah in Qur'an and sunnah: Towards its realization in modern discourse. *FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi*. [https://doi.org/10.16947/fsmiad.24408](https://doi.org/10.16947/fsmiad.24408)
Derki, N. (2023). Metaphorical conceptualisation of women in Arabic and English. *English Linguistic Research, 12*(1), 45–50. [https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v12n1p45](https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v12n1p45)
Földes, C. (2022). Language variation in minority online newspapers: The example of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” in Kazakhstan. *Kalbotyra, 75*, 27–56. [https://doi.org/10.15388/Kalbotyra.2022.75.2](https://doi.org/10.15388/Kalbotyra.2022.75.2)
Gao, Z., Gao, S., Xu, L., Zheng, X., Ma, X., Luo, L., & Kendrick, K. M. (2017). Women prefer men who use metaphorical language when paying compliments in a romantic context. *Scientific Reports, 7*, 1–11. [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40871](https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40871)
Goerling, F. (2010). Baraka (as divine blessing) as a bridge in Manding languages (especially in Jula of Côte d’Ivoire). *Journal of Translation, 6*(1). [https://doi.org/10.54395/jot-tyrwv](https://doi.org/10.54395/jot-tyrwv)
Hasan, N., Taufiq, M., Hannan, A., & Enhas, M. I. G. (2022). Tradition, social values, and fiqh of civilization: Examining the Nyadran ritual in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. *Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 7*(3), 1778–1802. [https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578](https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578)
Jones, I. (2022). Five time perspectives on Christian discipleship. *Practical Theology, 16*(1), 55–68. [https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2022.2108817](https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2022.2108817)
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. (n.d.). *Berkah*. In *kbbi.web.id dictionary*. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from [https://kbbi.web.id/berkah](https://kbbi.web.id/berkah)
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Keefer, L. A., Landau, M. J., Sullivan, D., & Rothschild, Z. K. (2014). Embodied metaphor and abstract problem solving: Testing a metaphoric fit hypothesis in the health domain. *Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55*, 12–20. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.012)
Khasairi, M. (2022). Telaah terhadap makna ilmu berkah dan implementasi berburu keberkahan ilmu di era society 5.0. *Seminar Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1*(2). [https://conference.um.ac.id/index.php/SNPAI/article/view/3292/1842](https://conference.um.ac.id/index.php/SNPAI/article/view/3292/1842)
Kirana, K. K. S. (2024). *Comparative analysis of conceptual metaphors in Indonesian and English climate change news* [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang].
Kövecses, Z. (2020). *Extended conceptual metaphor theory*. Cambridge University Press. [https://doi.org/1010179781108859127](https://doi.org/1010179781108859127)
Kusaeri, A. (2017). *Berkah dalam perspektif Al-Quran: Kajian tentang objek yang mendapat keberkahan* [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. [https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/38090?mode=full](https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/38090?mode=full)
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). *Metaphors we live by*. The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). *Metaphors we live by with new afterwords*. University of Chicago Press.
Li, D., & Chi, D. (2021). The universality and variation of flower metaphors for love in English and Chinese poems. *Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12*(9), 3359–3368. [https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i9.5743](https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i9.5743)
Mastanah, Mahsusi, Huda, S., & Bahtiar, A. (2024). Praying for pilgrims: Walimatusafar traditions among Indonesian Muslims. *Penamas: Journal of Religion and Society, 37*(2), 260–271. [https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v37i2.674](https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v37i2.674)
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). *Blessing*. In *Merriam-Webster.com dictionary*. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blessing](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blessing)
Mykhalchuk, N., Bihunova, S., Fridrikh, A., & Vitrova, I. (2021). The cross-cultural understanding of metaphors in the information technology sphere. *Cognitive Studies, 21*. [https://doi.org/10.11649/cs.2475](https://doi.org/10.11649/cs.2475)
Nugraha, D. S. (2023). Comparing the representation of anger in Indonesian and English proverbs: A study based on cognitive semantics analysis and the contrastive method. *International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3*(12), 2327–2342. [https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I12Y2023-04](https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I12Y2023-04)
Nurrohman, D. (2022). Berkah dalam perilaku konsumsi masyarakat Muslim perumahan Tulungagung. *An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 9*(1), 109–140. [https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v9i1.5484](https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v9i1.5484)
Obiorah, M. J., & Uroko, F. C. (2019). Genesis 27:27–29 in the face of the popular Christian concept of blessing in Nigeria. *HTS Theological Studies, 75*(3). [https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i3.5383](https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i3.5383)
Ponton, D. M., & Raimo, A. (2024). Framing environmental discourse: Greta Thunberg, metaphors, blah blah blah! *Cogent Arts & Humanities, 11*(1). [https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2339577](https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2339577)
Ritchie, L. D., & Cameron, L. (2014). Open hearts or smoke and mirrors: Metaphorical framing and frame conflicts in a public meeting. *Metaphor & Symbol, 29*(3), 204–223. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2014.924303](https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2014.924303)
Safera, D., & Huda, M. C. (2020). Tradisi suroan sebagai tapak tilas Walisongo. *Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial dan Budaya, 3*(1), 66–79. [https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v3i1.500](https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v3i1.500)
Setyaningrum, R., Wijaya, A. R., & Subagyo, S. (2022). The characteristics of society in Indonesia based on Hofstede cultural dimensions. *International Journal of Culture and Art Studies, 6*(1), 60–75. [https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v6i1.8720](https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v6i1.8720)
Sheehan, S. (2018). Receptivity as the core of biblical decision making. *The Journal of Biblical Foundations of Faith and Learning, 3*(1), 1–12.
Shiferaw, T. A. (2023). The semantics and pragmatics of blessing expressions in Rayya Tigrinya. *Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10*(2). [https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2275358](https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2275358)
Sidjabat, B. S. (2020). Discipleship through literature: A case study of the Selamat series in Indonesia. *Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry, 17*(2). [https://doi.org/10.1177/0739891319900648](https://doi.org/10.1177/0739891319900648)
Sinaga, M. (2019). Kajian teologi berkat dalam perspektif Alkitabiah. *Jurnal Teologi Rahmat, 5*(2), 140–173.
Tamir, C., Connaughton, A., & Salazar, A. M. (2020). *The global God divide*. Pew Research Center.
Thibodeau, P., McLelland, J. L., & Boroditsky, L. (2009). When a bad metaphor may not be a victimless crime: The role of metaphor in social policy. *Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 31*, 809–814.
Trisnansyah, S. A. P. (2023). Tinjauan terhadap tradisi sedekah bumi dalam perspektif hukum Islam. *Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya, 25*(1), 156–160. [https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i2.4309](https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i2.4309)
Wusko, U. (2022). Pergeseran makna tradisi minum air rajha’an pada hari Rebuh Bekkasan. *Mozaic: Islamic Studies Jurnal, 2*(1), 1–12. [https://doi.org/10.35719/mozaic.v1i02.1716](https://doi.org/10.35719/mozaic.v1i02.1716)
Yu, X. (2013). What are the metaphors we live by? *Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3*(8), 1467–1472. [https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.8.1467-147](https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.8.1467-147)
Yu, X. (2015). The cognitive function of synesthetic metaphor. *Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6*(6), 1305–1310. [https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0606.18](https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0606.18)
Zhang, X. (2021). Development and critiques of conceptual metaphor theory. *Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 11*(11), 1487–1491.
Zhang, X., & Gao, X. (2009). An analysis of conceptual metaphor in Western commercial advertisements. *Asian Social Science, 5*(12), 97–104. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V5N12P97](https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V5N12P97)
Asprilia, A., & Zaidi, A. (2021). Hero of the pandemic: Structural metaphor analysis of Covid-19 healthcare workers in Indonesian news articles. In Y. Fajar, M. Rozin, F. Pujiyanti, & A. Asprilia (Eds.), *Dari gender, diaspora, hingga budaya populer: Himpunan pemikiran bahasa, sastra, budaya, dan media* (pp. 117–137). Inara Publisher.
Assunção, L. M., Querino, R. A., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2020). Healing blessing in territories of the Family Health Strategy: Perceptions of workers, users and healers. *Saude em Debate, 44*(126), 762–773. [https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202012613](https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202012613)
Bakker, S., Antle, A. N., & Van Den Hoven, E. (2012). Embodied metaphors in tangible interaction design. *Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16*(4), 433–449.
Brezina, V., Weill-Tessier, P., & McEnery, A. (2021). *#LancsBox v. 6.x* [Software package].
Burggraeve, R. (2023). Blessing: Exploring the religious, anthropological and ethical meaning. *Religions, 14*(5), 599. [https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050599](https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050599)
Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. *Neurological Research & Practice, 2*(14). [https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z)
Demirel, S., & Sahib, H. B. (2015). Concept of barakah in Qur'an and sunnah: Towards its realization in modern discourse. *FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi*. [https://doi.org/10.16947/fsmiad.24408](https://doi.org/10.16947/fsmiad.24408)
Derki, N. (2023). Metaphorical conceptualisation of women in Arabic and English. *English Linguistic Research, 12*(1), 45–50. [https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v12n1p45](https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v12n1p45)
Földes, C. (2022). Language variation in minority online newspapers: The example of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” in Kazakhstan. *Kalbotyra, 75*, 27–56. [https://doi.org/10.15388/Kalbotyra.2022.75.2](https://doi.org/10.15388/Kalbotyra.2022.75.2)
Gao, Z., Gao, S., Xu, L., Zheng, X., Ma, X., Luo, L., & Kendrick, K. M. (2017). Women prefer men who use metaphorical language when paying compliments in a romantic context. *Scientific Reports, 7*, 1–11. [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40871](https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40871)
Goerling, F. (2010). Baraka (as divine blessing) as a bridge in Manding languages (especially in Jula of Côte d’Ivoire). *Journal of Translation, 6*(1). [https://doi.org/10.54395/jot-tyrwv](https://doi.org/10.54395/jot-tyrwv)
Hasan, N., Taufiq, M., Hannan, A., & Enhas, M. I. G. (2022). Tradition, social values, and fiqh of civilization: Examining the Nyadran ritual in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. *Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 7*(3), 1778–1802. [https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578](https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578)
Jones, I. (2022). Five time perspectives on Christian discipleship. *Practical Theology, 16*(1), 55–68. [https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2022.2108817](https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2022.2108817)
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. (n.d.). *Berkah*. In *kbbi.web.id dictionary*. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from [https://kbbi.web.id/berkah](https://kbbi.web.id/berkah)
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. (n.d.). *Limpah*. In *kbbi.web.id dictionary*. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from [https://kbbi.web.id/limpah](https://kbbi.web.id/limpah)
Keefer, L. A., Landau, M. J., Sullivan, D., & Rothschild, Z. K. (2014). Embodied metaphor and abstract problem solving: Testing a metaphoric fit hypothesis in the health domain. *Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55*, 12–20. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.012)
Khasairi, M. (2022). Telaah terhadap makna ilmu berkah dan implementasi berburu keberkahan ilmu di era society 5.0. *Seminar Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1*(2). [https://conference.um.ac.id/index.php/SNPAI/article/view/3292/1842](https://conference.um.ac.id/index.php/SNPAI/article/view/3292/1842)
Kirana, K. K. S. (2024). *Comparative analysis of conceptual metaphors in Indonesian and English climate change news* [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang].
Kövecses, Z. (2020). *Extended conceptual metaphor theory*. Cambridge University Press. [https://doi.org/1010179781108859127](https://doi.org/1010179781108859127)
Kusaeri, A. (2017). *Berkah dalam perspektif Al-Quran: Kajian tentang objek yang mendapat keberkahan* [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. [https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/38090?mode=full](https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/38090?mode=full)
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). *Metaphors we live by*. The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). *Metaphors we live by with new afterwords*. University of Chicago Press.
Li, D., & Chi, D. (2021). The universality and variation of flower metaphors for love in English and Chinese poems. *Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12*(9), 3359–3368. [https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i9.5743](https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i9.5743)
Mastanah, Mahsusi, Huda, S., & Bahtiar, A. (2024). Praying for pilgrims: Walimatusafar traditions among Indonesian Muslims. *Penamas: Journal of Religion and Society, 37*(2), 260–271. [https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v37i2.674](https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v37i2.674)
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). *Blessing*. In *Merriam-Webster.com dictionary*. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blessing](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blessing)
Mykhalchuk, N., Bihunova, S., Fridrikh, A., & Vitrova, I. (2021). The cross-cultural understanding of metaphors in the information technology sphere. *Cognitive Studies, 21*. [https://doi.org/10.11649/cs.2475](https://doi.org/10.11649/cs.2475)
Nugraha, D. S. (2023). Comparing the representation of anger in Indonesian and English proverbs: A study based on cognitive semantics analysis and the contrastive method. *International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3*(12), 2327–2342. [https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I12Y2023-04](https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I12Y2023-04)
Nurrohman, D. (2022). Berkah dalam perilaku konsumsi masyarakat Muslim perumahan Tulungagung. *An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 9*(1), 109–140. [https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v9i1.5484](https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v9i1.5484)
Obiorah, M. J., & Uroko, F. C. (2019). Genesis 27:27–29 in the face of the popular Christian concept of blessing in Nigeria. *HTS Theological Studies, 75*(3). [https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i3.5383](https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i3.5383)
Ponton, D. M., & Raimo, A. (2024). Framing environmental discourse: Greta Thunberg, metaphors, blah blah blah! *Cogent Arts & Humanities, 11*(1). [https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2339577](https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2339577)
Ritchie, L. D., & Cameron, L. (2014). Open hearts or smoke and mirrors: Metaphorical framing and frame conflicts in a public meeting. *Metaphor & Symbol, 29*(3), 204–223. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2014.924303](https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2014.924303)
Safera, D., & Huda, M. C. (2020). Tradisi suroan sebagai tapak tilas Walisongo. *Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial dan Budaya, 3*(1), 66–79. [https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v3i1.500](https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v3i1.500)
Setyaningrum, R., Wijaya, A. R., & Subagyo, S. (2022). The characteristics of society in Indonesia based on Hofstede cultural dimensions. *International Journal of Culture and Art Studies, 6*(1), 60–75. [https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v6i1.8720](https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v6i1.8720)
Sheehan, S. (2018). Receptivity as the core of biblical decision making. *The Journal of Biblical Foundations of Faith and Learning, 3*(1), 1–12.
Shiferaw, T. A. (2023). The semantics and pragmatics of blessing expressions in Rayya Tigrinya. *Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10*(2). [https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2275358](https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2275358)
Sidjabat, B. S. (2020). Discipleship through literature: A case study of the Selamat series in Indonesia. *Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry, 17*(2). [https://doi.org/10.1177/0739891319900648](https://doi.org/10.1177/0739891319900648)
Sinaga, M. (2019). Kajian teologi berkat dalam perspektif Alkitabiah. *Jurnal Teologi Rahmat, 5*(2), 140–173.
Tamir, C., Connaughton, A., & Salazar, A. M. (2020). *The global God divide*. Pew Research Center.
Thibodeau, P., McLelland, J. L., & Boroditsky, L. (2009). When a bad metaphor may not be a victimless crime: The role of metaphor in social policy. *Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 31*, 809–814.
Trisnansyah, S. A. P. (2023). Tinjauan terhadap tradisi sedekah bumi dalam perspektif hukum Islam. *Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya, 25*(1), 156–160. [https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i2.4309](https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i2.4309)
Wusko, U. (2022). Pergeseran makna tradisi minum air rajha’an pada hari Rebuh Bekkasan. *Mozaic: Islamic Studies Jurnal, 2*(1), 1–12. [https://doi.org/10.35719/mozaic.v1i02.1716](https://doi.org/10.35719/mozaic.v1i02.1716)
Yu, X. (2013). What are the metaphors we live by? *Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3*(8), 1467–1472. [https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.8.1467-147](https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.8.1467-147)
Yu, X. (2015). The cognitive function of synesthetic metaphor. *Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6*(6), 1305–1310. [https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0606.18](https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0606.18)
Zhang, X. (2021). Development and critiques of conceptual metaphor theory. *Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 11*(11), 1487–1491.
Zhang, X., & Gao, X. (2009). An analysis of conceptual metaphor in Western commercial advertisements. *Asian Social Science, 5*(12), 97–104. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V5N12P97](https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V5N12P97)
Published
2026-07-29
How to Cite
1.
Lestari A, Asprillia A, Zaidi A. BLESSING THAT FLOWS: A CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR ANALYSIS OF BLESSINGS IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN. KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra) [Internet]. 29Jul.2026 [cited 2Aug.2026];10(1):36 -52. Available from: https://jurnal.machung.ac.id/index.php/klausa/article/view/1458
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Articles
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